There are many methods for the extraction and separation of silymarin. At present, the industry mainly uses mechanical extraction to separate the fat (oil), then heats it to reflux with organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and finally obtains it through multiple extractions, elutions, and recrystallizations. The method of milk thistle extract.
1 Normal temperature and ultra-high pressure extraction
Acetone is the extraction solvent. When the non-degreased seeds are extracted for 10 minutes under pressure and the temperature reaches 125℃, the extraction rate can reach 3.3 mg·g silymarin, 6.9 mg·g silymarin, and water. Silybin 12.5 mg·g. The PLE method can significantly shorten the extraction time, reduce the amount of solvent, and realize the one-step extraction of silymarin.
2. Ultrasonic extraction
The volume fraction of ethanol is 57%, the concentration of ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is 0.26 g·m L―1, the material-to-liquid ratio is 25 mL·g, and the ultrasound time is 19 min. The content of silybin can reach 10.18mg·g. The system solvent is low-toxic, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, easy to recycle, and can be promoted and used.
3 Enzyme-assisted extraction method
The enzymatic process of traditional Chinese medicine is guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on traditional solvent extraction methods, using the highly specific characteristics of enzyme reactions, the corresponding enzymes are selected to hydrolyze or degrade cell wall components, destroy their structure, and make the effective components in the wall. Fully expose, dissolve, suspend, or gel-dissolve in the solvent, to achieve the purpose of extracting and separating the effective components in the cells.
4 Supercritical CO₂ Extraction method (SC-CO₂)
Extract silybin A and silibinin B from milk thistle seeds, and determine the best extraction conditions: temperature 40℃, pressure 200 bar, CO₂ flow rate 4mL·min, seed size 0.305 mm, water The contents of silibinin A and silibinin B were 2.29 and 1.92 mg·g, respectively.
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