Men's Health Supplements
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What is Epimedium Extract?
Horny goat weed refers to various herb species of the epimedium genus, and may be known as "yin yang huo." Epimedium extract weed contains chemicals that might help increase blood flow and improve sexual function. It also contains phytoestrogens, chemicals that act somewhat like the hormone estrogen. People use horny goat weed for erectile dysfunction (ED), sexual problems, weak and brittle bones, health problems after menopause, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any of these uses.
Benefits of Epimedium Extract
Fatigue
Epimedium is traditionally used for fatigue but it has not been studied in clinical trials.
Osteoporosis
A small randomized trial shows that Epimedium may help prevent bone loss in women who have had menopause for a long time.
Sexual dysfunction
Epimedium is traditionally used in herbal formulas for sexual dysfunction. More studies are needed to verify such effects.
Icariin inhibits the activity of the PDE5 that's blocking dilation of the arteries in the penis. This allows blood to fill the arteries and the three cylinders in the penis and create an erection. The prescription medication sildenafil (Viagra) works in much the same way.
However, horny goat weed may not work for everyone. Using it can also resultTrusted Source in side effects or adverse interactions with other medications you may be taking.
Before starting this or any supplement, consult with your healthcare professional about the risks and benefits and find the best supplement for you.
Is It Safe to Take Epimedium Extract?
When taken by mouth:
Horny goat weed extract is possibly safe when used short-term. A specific extract of horny goat weed containing phytoestrogens has been taken by mouth safely for up to 2 years. Another extract containing a chemical called icariin has been taken safely for up to 6 months.
But some types of horny goat weed are possibly unsafe when used for a long period of time or in high doses. Serious side effects including severe breathing problems have been reported.
Special precautions & warnings:
Pregnancy: Horny goat weed is possibly unsafe when taken by mouth during pregnancy. It might harm the developing fetus. Avoid using it.
Breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if horny goat weed is safe to use when breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Bleeding disorders: Horny goat weed might slow blood clotting. This might increase the risk of bleeding. Taking horny goat weed might make bleeding disorders worse.
Hormone sensitive cancers and conditions: Horny goat weed acts like estrogen and can increase estrogen levels in some people. Horny goat weed might worsen some estrogen-sensitive conditions, such as breast and uterine cancer.
Surgery: Horny goat weed might slow blood clotting. This might increase the risk of bleeding during surgery. Stop taking horny goat weed at least 2 weeks before surgery.
The most common uses of Epimedium extract in TCM deal with male sexual function, including low libido and erectile dysfunction. Icariin is one of its most significant components, which is a flavonol glycoside that's an 8-prenyl derivative of kaempferol 3,7-O-diglucoside.
The primary biological effect of icariin is to inhibit the activity of the enzyme cGMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which primarily affects the cardiovascular system. Epimedium also contains phytoestrogens, which may have effects similar to those of estrogen.
Why Do People Take Epimedium Extract Weed?
Some men take horny goat weed in the belief that it's a natural alternative to drugs for erectile dysfunction (ED). Although still preliminary, there's new evidence to support the idea. Epimedium, the suspected active component of horny goat weed, appears to increase blood flow and improve sexual function, or act as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, similar to some drugs used for ED. Horny goat weed also contains phytoestrogens, chemicals that act somewhat like the hormone estrogen.
Horny goat weed has also been studied as a treatment for other conditions, like osteoporosis and hardening of the arteries. The results from studies conducted abroad show promise, however better clinical studies are still needed.
Horny goat weed is a member of the genus Epimedium, a low growing perennial plant found throughout Asia, and parts of Europe and Africa, which has been used in traditional medicine for centuries as a tonic, aphrodisiac and antirheumatic agent. Extracts of the leaves and stems of horny goat weed are purported to have activity in improving sexual dysfunction, menstrual irregularities, osteoporosis, asthma, nephritis and cardiovascular disease.
The active ingredients that have antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral and hepatoprotective activities are believed to be flavonoids, such as icariin, icaritin or epimedin. Clinical studies of extracts of Epimedium have shown promising effects in the treatment of high blood pressure, coronary artery disease and sexual satisfaction, but these effects have not been proven in rigorous prospective controlled trials.
Horny goat weed is available in multiple forms in tablets and capsules of 250 or 500 mg, the usual dose being one tablet or capsule daily. Horny goat weed is often combined with other botanicals, the combinations dictated by the purported use. Horny goat weed is generally well tolerated without adverse events; minor side effects may include abdominal discomfort and nausea. Rare instances of hypersensitivity reactions, skin rash and allergic dermatitis have been described.
What Is the Mechanism of Action of Epimedium Extract?
Heart failure (HF) is a disease caused by various causes of structural changes or dysfunction of the heart, filling of the ventricles or impaired blood expulsion. In developed countries, the prevalence of known HF is generally estimated at 1% to 2% of the general adult population and increasing as the world's population expands and ages.
As a traditional kidney tonic, Epimedium has the function of "tonifying the liver and kidney, strengthening the muscles and bones, and dispelling wind and dampness." Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Epimedium has good intervention effects on cardiovascular diseases under the pharmacological effects of cardiovascular protection, immune regulation and anti-inflammation.
In HF models, epimedium based formulations inhibited myocardial transforming growth factor-β1 expression and alleviated HF by reversing ventricular hypertrophy. However, the role of the active ingredients in the formula and the intervention mechanism of HF has not been fully clarified.
What Is the Active Ingredient in Epimedium Extract?
Prenylated flavonoids are a combination of the flavonoid component and the lipophilic prenyl side chain, which have been isolated from Leguminosae and Moraceae families. Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. with the common name of barrenwort belongs to the family Berberidaceae and its leaves are used for the management of osteoporosis TCM alone or in combination with other plants.
One of the active constituents of this plant is prenylflavonoids, including icariin and icaritin. In vivo and in vitro investigations have shown that the icariin dose-dependently increases bone differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in rats.
Icariside II, the main metabolite of icariin, increased the expression of fibroblast-based growth factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), Osterix, and Runx-2. Several studies have shown that icariin has estrogen-like effects.
Is Epimedium Extract Good for Prostate?
Anti-androgens are regarded as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of prostate cancer. We determined that an epimedium herb (EH) extract exhibited anti-androgenic activity in a luciferase assay using androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer LNCaP cells.
Nine EH-derived flavonoids were examined. The results identified icarisid II as a very potent anti-androgenic EH-derived flavonoid. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the flavonol suppressed the expression of the androgen-responsive KLK3 gene.
Is Epimedium Extract an Adaptogen?
First and foremost, Chinese medicine would say that epimedium is nourishing and tonifying to the Kidneys. Chinese Kidneys encompass and influence much more than the Western idea of the kidneys. Chinese Kidneys are also responsible for storing deep core energy and vitality, what we might call our core reservoir. Chinese medicine would say that it also has strong influence on the endocrine system, especially the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenals. Any plant that helps to nourish and balance this area is very, very useful medicine indeed. Adaptogens are famous for their effect in this area, and although epimedium is not considered to be a true adaptogen, it does exhibit adaptogenic qualities.
There are two sides to the Chinese idea of Kidneys: the Kidney Yin and the Kidney Yang. The Kidney Yin is the deep elixir-holding reservoir of vital strength and reserves. The Kidney Yang is akin to a pilot light that sits atop of that reservoir, ever ready to send that energy wherever you need it. You want both to be operating, the reservoir and the flame. This is why the Kidneys are called the foundation of both our water (Kidney Yin), and our fire (Kidney Yang). Epimedium benefits both, but particularly the Kidney Yang, which has a big say over libido and sexual function.
What Does Epimedium Extract Do for Female?
Researchers all across the world have specifically noted the herb's potent antioxidant activity. It's believed to help regulate hormone function, protect the heart, maintain brain health, and balance the immune system. Of particular interest is its anti-aging, energizing, and libido-stimulating properties. Women who use Horny Goat Weed (its most common name) may experience the following health benefits.
Promotes Graceful Aging
Researchers have observed significant benefits of epimedium on women, with one study observing its ability to reset age-related metabolites such as carnosine, nucleotides, and amino acids to younger levels. Powerful antioxidant properties drive this activity, protecting the body against aging free radical damage.
Stimulates Libido
Epimedium appears to encourage blood flow, a key component to sexual desire, and also provides alkaloids and plant sterols that have similar actions as testosterone. Although testosterone is often considered a male hormone, both men and women produce this important steroid hormone as it plays an important role in human sexuality.
Balances Hormones
Epimedium naturally balances hormone function without being an actual hormone itself. This could be helpful for women experiencing hormonal fluctuations during PMS or menopause. The herb may also reduce the incidence of dangerous side effects associated with many hormone therapies.
Relief from Menopause Symptoms
Studies have shown that epimedium may encourage balanced estrogen and estradiol levels in women, hopefully providing a beneficial effect for those with menopause. In one study, researchers compared epimedium extract against a common menopausal treatment. They found that the natural plant chemicals in epimedium, like icariin, demonstrated dynamic effects of bioactivity longer than a conventional menopause drug. Epimedium is known as an adaptogen, possibly explaining how its effects can help women adapt to certain changes occurring in the body and environment.
Supports Skeletal Health
Research to date shows icariin, among other active phytochemicals in epimedium, may prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women. One study found a significant difference in bone health between a group of women taking an epimedium supplement than the group taking placebo.
Soothes Sore Joints
Traditional Chinese medicine often employs epimedium as a natural therapy for joint discomfort — a condition that can negatively affect a person's quality of life and be a huge, constant energy drain. Mainstream research has been a little slow in reviewing the traditional use of the herb, but so far animal models support the traditional application against the condition.
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